gRPC is Google's open-source RPC framework released in 2015 and now hosted by the CNCF. It runs over HTTP/2 with Protocol Buffers for compact, typed, and streaming-capable service-to-service communication.

TCP/IP is the foundational protocol suite for internet communication. Learn how TCP and IP work together, the 4-layer model, and how it compares to the OSI model.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a client-server application layer protocol used to transmit text, images, video, and other media across the World Wide Web. As the foundational protocol of the Internet, HTTP enables communication between web browsers and servers. Its stateless, request-response design allows simple yet efficient communication. How to Pronounce HTTP aitch-tee-tee-pee /ˌeɪtʃ.tiː.tiː.ˈpiː/ aitch-tee-tee-pee...

DNS (Domain Name System) is a distributed hierarchical naming system that converts domain names into IP addresses. It automatically translates human-readable domain names (such as example.com) into machine-readable IP addresses (such as 192.0.2.1) for all communications across the internet. Without DNS, users would need to memorize complex numerical IP addresses, making the internet significantly less...